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DEEPER THAN ON THE SURFACE:
HINTS FOR THE EXAM AND LIFE THEREAFTER
part II
i.e. some questions as examples to orientate for the test
(in case of work, rest, illness or some other false reason these may
be directly used in the test)
Chapter 0
The most important part in orientating in the contents of the book!
All the conceps mentioned in this chapter must be familiar to you.
- Write open the following acromymes/abbreviations and shortly
describe them: PSTN, N-ISDN, PLMN, ATM etc.
- How the following terms are appropriately translated in Finnish
and what Finnish abbreviations (if any) are used for them: PSTN,
N-ISDN, PLMN, ATM, access network, trunk network, inter(net)working,
bearer, switching
Throughout the book there are many kinds of conceps, which are most likely
asked in the test:
- paikallisverkko
- pakettiverkko
- parikaapeli
- peruspalvelu
- piirikytkentä
- protokolla
- puhemuuntaja
- pulssikoodimodulaatio
- pupinointi
- päätevastus
(a sample of Finnish terms in alhabetical order. Here access network, packet
network, twisted pair cable, basic service, circuit switching, protocol, voice
transformer, pulse code modulation, Pupin coiling, terminator, ...)
A couple of these were underlined in the lessons. I feel forced to
ask them to ensure not to be quilty to promise carbage...
Chapter 1
This chapter describes telecom services at a very general level. This can
be considered as a repetition fron the course S-38.105! The text in the book
will be expanded in lessons with graphs from statistical year books.
- What means 'tele'(for example: telecommunications, telescope,
telemetry, telepathy...)
- Why we don't have a company called Tele? (Hint: the reason is
the same as for the fact we haven't a company called Posti!)
- Explain the meaning of telecommunications as a part of the
infrastructure.
- Which kind of operators exist?
- Define the concepts teleservice, telenetwork, teleoperator...
Chapter 2
Standardization is one of the most essential areas in telecommunications
technology. To make oneself familiar with the standardization organizations
it is strongly recommended to read additional material, too. The Web is one
good altervative to make aquaintance with organizations and their 'products'.
Be sure that you understand the concept industry standard, too!
- Write a letter to your good friend who is developing the 'best
protocol on the Earth'. In your letter you have to describe the meaning
of standardization.
- What is so called official standard?
- Describe the situation of standards during development in laws and acts?
- Which are the most essential organizations in the fields of
telecommunications and electrical engineering?
- Describe the role of the following organizations EIA, TIA, IEEE, TTC,
ANSI, DIN
- Describe the ISO OSI model in respect of your own application.
- Describe the relationship between the OSI model and everyday life in
TCP/IP world? Reasons?
- How a (fictive) international recommendation Z.123 is born? How does
it arrive to Finland?
- Describe development of regulation of electronic communications since
Telecommunications Act A.D. 1886.
- How are the customer rights respected in new laws?
- What about the operators' rights?
- How laws concerning telecommunications have affected to your everyday life?
- The role of the terminal equipment in regulation?
- The regulation of interoperator relationships in recent laws?
- You want become a teleoperator. How is it possible?
- Privacy in telephony (above all that strictly promised by Constitution)?
Chapter 3
This kind of things were discussed in Raimo Kantola's lesson. Some of
the topics can be guessed:
- What is switching?
- What kind of addresses are used in switching. Why?
- Divide means to communicate in groups in the point of view of swithing.
- Relationship between global and local addresses. The role of signalling
in switching technology.
- Compare the ways to make connection (in respect of signalling and
network management); how they suit to different needs?
- Describe the term 'generation in switching technology'. List them!
- Describe the main parts of a digital switching system.
- Function of the parts (above)?
- How the customer/subscriber can be connected to an exchange?
(Forget the mobiles this time)
- What does the subscriber part of the exchange?
- The role and the structure of a digital switch?
- Describe the function of part XXX in a digital switch.
- Describe the alternatives in the control part architechture
(digital switch, of couse).
- Describe the function of XXX program in a digital switch.
- How a switch can be fault tolerant? What are required in specs?
- Describe a public telephone switch as an programming project.
- Describe the structure of a network at the point of view of
an average Internet home user.
- Describe the ATM switch.
- Describe the packet switch.
- Write a short story concerning the recent development in
switching technology.
Chapter 4
This chapter has concentrated on transmission technology. The focus
rather wide than deep. It is essential to learn the differences in
transmission media. Another important thing is that you understand how
to boost the channel usage.
Please note that PCM was described earlier on page 70 when we
discussed about standards. PDH/SDH and modulation are important parts
but not discussed in lectures. It is good practice to use other sources
to get to know the difference between PDH and SDH!
In your lonely study chamber pay attention to the following things
with many deep thoughts:
- What different needs are for data, voice, video... in transmission?
- Describe: TDM, time slot, bandwidth, multiplexing, noise,
regeneration, synchronization, attenuation, decibel, etc etc
- In telephony the concepts 12 group and 30 group are common.
Where are they coming from?
- What is crosstalk and where is it derived from?
- Draw a schematic diagram of XXX cable and compare it's benefits
with other cable types.
- A twisted pair is an invention that was patented! Now TP
lives it's renaissance, why?
- Telephone networks are based on connections that are established
using two or four wires that are twisted. Why these two types?
The latter type is getting out of date, why?
- What specialities are involved in transmission when radio vawes are used?
- Describe generations in optical fibres and optical transmission.
- How Mr.Fourier is involved in transmission (specially in Cu cables)?
- Hon. Msrs. Ohm, Fraraday and Henry live in copper cables.
How thay are eliminated in analog and digital transmission?
- What is bit error rate? Give approximation of acceptable rates
in different systems.
- Describe PDH, SDH and SONET.
- Describe differences between American and international ('European')
PCM systems. Can an American make a call to Finland?
- PCM systems can be bundled together using multiplexing. Describe
the systems used on different places on the Earth.
- CCITT made a 'chain' like 2,048 - 8,448 - 34,369 - ? Mbps. It
doesn't seem to be made of multiplies of four. Why?
- Explain why different modulation techniques are used.
Describe (in short) three of them.
- FM is known as FSK in computer communications. It is not the
best alternative for modems. Why? Is something related to AM better? Why?
- Describe on the basis of the book and your visit to Telegalleria
the HDSL and ADSL techniques in practice.
- Structured cabling & open cabling system are ideologies dating
from the same era. Maybe that's why they are confused with each other.
What they are?
Chapter 5
This stuff is the subject of no lessons. This doesn't, however, mean
that this area is of less importance. You should read the pages for getting
a general view. The subject will be approached closer durin other courses.
- Think about the risks which may be encountered when changing
to digital trunk networks.
- Which speeds are used in different parts of the network?
Could it be possible to get 139 Mbps home or office connection?
Any other limits than money?
- Are there demand on certain speeds that are now unavailable?
For which present or future aplications?
Chapter 6
The book must have value after this couse, too. Thus we leave this
chapter for the future courses TVT1 & TVT2. It is, however, strongly
recommended that you use 'light read thru' medhod for this chapter to
make aquaintance with the concepts.
- Describe the concepts value added service, intelligent
network, UPT
Chapter 7
Signalling has a very important role in telephony. In this phase
of your studies you have to know what is signalling, why it it is needes,
how it can be arranged and what is the state-of-the-art in signalling.
You can skip the data network oriented part of this chapter without
any pains in your conscience.
- Describe the role of signalling in telephony.
- Which kind of signalling systems have been in use? Benefits of each?
- What has digitalizing of phone network meant to signalling?
- Describe the differences of phone-to-exchange and
exchange-to-exchange signalling.
Chapter 8
Network management is a very important thing, but not as a study
subject in an elementary course. Read this chapter so that you know
fairly well what network management is.
- What is network management for?
- Network management is a concept that is quite far away from
the end user. One thing may be familiar to him/her: Centrex. Be
prepared to write an essay on Centrex service.
Chapter 9
Nice to know chapter to serve as a bedtime story. The subject will
not be concerned in the test, but it is most propably useful to know the
terms introduced here.
Chapter 10
This chapter has many essential things especially for those who are
planning to be employed by a phone operator. The text is very readable
and left as study-it-alone basis.
Traffic theory and network capacity planning are presented by Jorma
Virtamo. It is propable that the test will include one (mathematical)
question of his lecture or appropliate excercise. Be prepared.
- Be sure to study the excercises either by being present or
calculating them at home or with your co-student. Groups for
written assignments are suitable even for this purpose!
Be sure to ensure you get a chair and question (=answering) paper
at the test - do not forget to use TOPI!
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