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Annual Report 1996: Laboratory of Telecommunications Technology

Preface

A new team entered. Dr. Timo Laakso started in his post in August with signal processing in communications as the field of research and teaching. Dr. Raimo Kantola started as acting professor, responsible for switching systems and industrial co-operation. Dr. Jorma Virtamo started in his post, defined as broadband multiservice networks and their traffic theory, only in January 1997, but he took an active part in the planning of future teaching and research already in the fall 1996. Along with these changes, also new research positions have been granted to the laboratory. With all the new resources and the excellent existing staff the laboratory is well prepared for new challenges.

The next few years will be busy in establishing a new curriculum and research group for the enlarged part of the field of telecommunications that the laboratory is now responsible for. Co-operation with other laboratories in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Communications will be important. Contacts to the communications industry as well to the international research community will be essential.

1. INTRODUCTION

The Laboratory of Telecommunications Technology is in transition, which means changes in both teaching and research activities of the laboratory.

The main effort in the near future is the planning of the new curricula for various branches of telecommunications together with Telecommunications Laboratory. The goal is to create a set of good basic courses which give a good overview of different aspects of telecommunications transmission and networks and attracts students to this important field. This should be followed by a solid set of courses that focus on details and recent developments with as little overlap as possible. This requires cooperation and coordination.

The research is in a very active phase and growing fast. The main fields of research are the traffic modelling and management in ATM networks, switching and speech transmission in Internet networks, and adaptive antennas for future mobile communication networks.

1.1 Research

Laboratory of Telecommunications Technology has a networking infrastructure which consists of three switches and peripheral equipment. The building of the network started in 1994 when the department decided to fund the development project of our laboratory. Since then, several research projects have used this network for ATM research.

1.2 Teaching area

Laboratory of Telecommunications Technology has been one of the greatest laboratories in the Department of Electrical Engineering when compared by the number of graduated students. Total of 43 new Masters of Science graduated in the laboratory 1996. The popularity of our technical area challenges our teaching staff to achieve again and again the high level set by telecommunication industry.

Our courses have been very popular among students of Department of Electrical Engineering but also many students from other departments have chosen Telecommunication Technology as their minor subject. The students seem to have been satisfied with their education because our courses and teachers have achieved above average grades from student's course evaluations.

Laboratory has been lucky to have many part-time teachers from outside the university. With their knowledge we have been able to give updated and modern education to our students. It is our hope that the good co-operation with Finnish industry will continue in future years!

2. PERSONNEL

2.1 Laboratory staff

(Image missing so far)

Front from left: Nupponen, Kantola, Virtamo, Hänninen, Laakso

Back from left: Karttunen, Hyytiä, Peuhkuri, Werner, Yletyinen, Ilvesmäki, Nurmi, Lassila, Luoma

2.2 Part-time teachers & assistants

Pirinen, Aulis S-38.141 Teletraffic Theory

Huhta-Koivisto, Risto	S-38.189	Telecommunication networks
Isola, Olli-Pekka	S-38.113	Principles in Electrical Communication Eng.
Karvinen, Atte	S-38.166	Programming of Telecommunication Switching Systems
Kauraniemi, Juha	S-38.211 S-38.213	Signal Processing in Telecommunications I Signal Processors in Telecommunications
Mertanen, Pauli	S-38.123	Telecommunications Technology, laboratory course
Renko, Jari	S-38.175	Local Area Networks
Roos, Mikael	S-38.183	Office Automation
Salminen, Mikko	S-38.189	Telecommunication Networks
Svinhufvud, Jaakko	S-38.191	Corporate Networks

2.3 Guest lecturers

3. RESEARCH PROJECTS

3.1 The use of ATM technology in switching of Internet traffic

Several applications of the ATM technology in switching and relaying the internet traffic are studied in this work including IP over ATM, ATM Forum LAN emulation and IP switching. The applicability of these techniques is resolved through traffic measurements of real computer networks of different magnitude. Measurements show that traffic and service profiles in the internet are heavily dependent on the size of the network, the habits of the users and the applications used. Measurements indicate that the workload of routers decreases over 50 % if IP-switching is used.

The principle of IP switching

On the other hand the identification, classification and the switching criteria of a traffic flow, or an IP flow, should be further studied to enable the use of IP switching in different kinds of networks. Also the interoperability between IP switching equipment and other network components requires special attention.

3.2 Models for Integrated Telecommunication network Traffic and Architecture (MITTA)

Project leader: Rahko, Kauko

Other researchers: Kilkki, Kalevi; Vidacs, Attila; Luoma, Marko; Kankare, Janne; Peuhkuri, Markus

In this research the key issue is the traffic management in ATM networks. The aim is to find out which are the key factors in the effective traffic management and how they should be adjusted in order to minimise the load of the traffic management. On the area of buffer management, the use of real time traffic measurements for predicting short term traffic fluctuations are studied. This research is carried out through simulations using commercial tools as well as specifically developed programs. Connection admission control and its necessity are studied by adopting genetic algorithms. The goal is to optimise required algorithms so that they suit for real-time calculations. This project is funded by the Academy of Finland.

3.3 Subjective testing of quality of video services in ATM network

Project leader: Kilkki, Kalevi

Other researchers: Karjalainen, Hanna; Peuhkuri, Markus

In this research the main point is to examine how the quality of video services in ATM networks behaves in respect to Quality of Service parameters. When considering interactive services such as videoconferencing one must be careful with delay and delay variation in networks. In the case of non-interactive services, troubles caused by delay variations are easily managed with buffering as the receiving end. How cell loss ratio affects to the quality of video service depends on the coding used: one must take into account compression algorithm, used packets and error correction. Other requirements one sets to a network in case of video services are low bit error ratio, sufficient bandwidth, and effective handling of multicasting. This research studies in particular the impact of cell losses to the quality of VoD type of service coded with MJPEG. This is done with subjective testing: 20 people participated in these tests. The parameters used in testing were not only cell loss ratio but also distribution of cell loss process, which had considerable effect on the perceived quality.

3.4 Smart antennas in new radio systems

Project leader: Laakso, Timo (until 31.7.96 Seppo Ovaska)

Other researchers: Karttunen, Petri; Werner, Stefan

In this project, digital signal processing for smart antenna systems is investigated. The main goal is to develop efficient digital beamforming algorithms for both the base station and the mobile user of a mobile communication system. This is a subproject of MAST, a research project of Institute of Radio Communications (IRC) which focuses on the new technologies in mobile communication systems. The research is funded by Technological Development Center (TEKES), NOKIA Research Center, Telecom Finland and Helsinki Telephone Company.

3.5 Fuzzy and neural power controllers

Project leader: Ovaska, Seppo

Other researchers: Gao Xiao Ming

The investigation of neural network based nonlinear power prediction methods in the control systems have been carried out extensively in the first half of 1996. Due to the high nonstationarity and nonlinearity of the received power signals in the mobile communication system, it is advantageous to use a nonlinear predictor with on-line adaptation. Our experiments show that the neural network based methods can outperform conventional linear schemes. The accurate power prediction is used as an indispensable part of the neuro-fuzzy controller. In the latter half of 1996, the emphasis is on developing advanced power control strategies for mobile communication systems.

3.6 World Wide Web based digital filter design automation

Project leader: Harju, Taneli

World-Wide-Web (WWW) technology is used mainly to produce interactive and passive applications for information browsing and retrieval. However, this technology enables offering computationally oriented services as well. The main benefit of such applications is that no installation of software is required on the client side, but the program is used via the WWW browser software. Furthermore, most of the computational burden is moved to the server side, and no software updates or purchases are necessary on the client side. The service provider benefits by not having to deliver software updates to customers, which enables incremental product development cycles, the possibility of true pay-per-use, elimination of the delivery channel, and a large potential customer base. In this study, an application for the design and visualization of digital filters has been designed and implemented as an example of a WWW-based client/server system. The aim of the study is to accumulate practical experiences of implementing WWW-based computer aided design (CAD) software systems.

4. TEACHING

4.1 Courses

The laboratory has given education in 25 courses. The courses can be divided in 6 groups:

4.1.1 Basic courses for all students studying telecommunications

• S-38.105 Principles in Communication Engineering (Tietoliikennetekniikan perusteet B)
• S-38.113 Principles in Datatransfer between Computers (Tiedokoneiden tiedonsiirto)
• S-38.118 Principles in Telecommunications Technology (Teletekniikan perusteet)

4.1.2 Courses concerning communications and networks

• S-38.102 Principles in Electrical Communications (Sähköinen viestintä)
• S-38.116 Information Technology (Teletietotekniikka)
• S-38.175 Local Area Networks (Lähiverkot)
• S-38.189 Telecommunication Networks (Tietoliikenneverkot)
• S-38.191 Corporate Networks (Televerkot yrityksissä)

4.1.3 Courses on switching and ATM

• S-38.110 Telecommunication Switching Technology I (Tiedonvälitystekniikka I)
• S-38.122 Telecommunication Switching Technology II (Tiedonvälitystekniikka II)
• S-38.164 Broadband Switching Technology (Laajakaistainen välitystekniikka)
• S-38.166 Programming of Telecommunication Switching Systems (Televälitysjärjestelmien ohjelmointi)

4.1.4 Courses on signal processing

• S-38.211 Signal Processing in Telecommunications I (Signaalinkäsittely tietoliikenteessä I)
• S-38.212 Signal Processing in Telecommunications II (Signaalinkäsittely tietoliikenteessä II)
• S-38.213 Signal Processors in Telecommunications (Tietoliikenteen signaaliprosessorit)

4.1.5 Postgraduate courses

• S-38.130 Postgraduate Course in Telecommunications (Teletekniikan lisensiaattikurssi)
• S-38.141 Teletraffic Theory (Teleliikenneteoria)
• S-38.200 Individual Course in Telecommunications (Teletekniikan yksilöllinen opintojakso)
• S-38.201 Seminar Course in ATM and Multimedia (ATM- ja multimediaseminaari)

4.1.6 Other courses

• S-38.123 Telecommunications Technology, laboratory course I (Teletekniikan laboratoriotyöt I)
• S-38.126 Telecommunications Technology, special assignment I (Teletekniikan erikoistyö I)
• S-38.127 Telecommunications Technology, special assignment II (Teletekniikan erikoistyö II)
• S-38.300 Thesis Seminar on Telecommunications Technology (Teletekniikan diplomityöseminaari)

4.2 Degrees

4.2.1 Doctor of Technology

Kimmo Koski: Development of metacomputing technology

Traditional centralized supercomputer centers are being replaced by metacomputing technology. Metacomputer is not a single machine but rather an entire seamless environment consisting of different kinds of computing resources, file servers and visualization systems, which all are linked together b a high speed communication network. This thesis studies the development of metacomputing, indicates hardware and software limitations, locates problem areas, evaluates performance of the computer systems, and draws conclusions about the future development.

4.2.2 Licentiates of Technology

Marko I Silventoinen: Improvements in GSM to meet U.S. market needs

The thesis focuses on three improvements for GSM that are designed to meet market needs first emerged in the United States. The improvements are Range Extension, Home Base Station and Mobile Station Location.

Seppo Uusitupa: The usage of the telenetworks and their value added services in substituting physical transportation

Physical traffic means transportation of human beings and goods from a location to another. This is often considered uncomfortable, time consuming, and it requires spending natural resources. A part of physical traffic can be substituted by electronic means. In this study during the years 1987 to 1995 people were surveyed to get to know their possibilities to use new electronic services. Also their wishes were surveyed. The most common service, home banking, was of special interest.

Jyri Kosola: Integration of Areal Tactical Communication System

The aim of the study was to provide a model for enhancing the integration of tactical C3I systems throughout the tactical hierarchy. The study concentrates on the integration of Tactical Areal Communications Systems, where the integration aspects is seen both from the end-user and the system operator point of view.

Jari Sundqvist: Automatic Field telephone Network System Testing

The study describes the phaces of defining requirements for the area communication system. The tactical principles of engaging the network in the battlefield are introduced.

Iisakki Kosonen: HUTSIM - Simulation tool for Traffic Signal Control Planning

In this study the development work of HUTSIM traffic signal simulator is presented in detail. All the basic principles are described as well as their technical implementation. The experiences gained from the main development and research projects are also reported.

4.2.3 Masters of Science in Telecommunication technology

5. ACTIVITIES

5.1 International Conferences

• International Conference on Neural Networks. Washington D.C. USA (Gao)
• The 13th Nordic Teletraffic Seminar, Trondheim, 20.-22.8.1996 (Kilkki, Luoma)
• International Teletraffic Congress, Lund, Sweden, 17.-19.9.1996 (Kilkki)
• Africon 96, Stellenbosch, South-Africa 24.-27.9.1996 (Luoma)
• IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996 (Gao, Harju, Karttunen, Laakso, Werner)
• Performance 96, Lausanne, Suisse, 7-11.10.1996 (Peuhkuri)
• International Conference on Signal Processing, Peking, 14.-18.10.1996 (Harju)
• IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Peking 1996
• Globecom 96, London 18.-22.11.1996 (Laakso, Luoma)
• International Conference on Intelligence in Networks, Bordeaux, France 25.-28.11.1996 (Kantola)

5.2 Foreign visitors in 1996

• BSc. Attila Vidacs from the Technical University of Budapest, Hungary (from Jan. to May)
• Professor Jack J. Dongarra from the University of Tennessee, USA (Jan. 18-20)

5.3 Publications

1. Bland, D., Laakso, T., Tarczynski, A. Application of NUT-DFT for resampling of nonuniformly sampled signals. Third International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, Rhodos, 13.-16.10.1996. Kreikka, Rhodos 1996, s. 586-589.
2. Bland, D., Tarczynski, A., Laakso, T. Spectrum analysis of nonuniformly sampled signals using the NUT-DFT. IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, s. 307-310.
3. Bland, D.M., Laakso, T., Tarczynski, A. Analysis of algorithms for a nonuniform time discrete Fourier transform. Int. Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Atlanta, USA, 12.-15.5.1996. Atlanta, USA 1996, s. 453-456.
4. Gao, X. M., Ovaska, Sun, S., Jeng, Y.C. Analysis of Second-order Harmonic Distortion of ADC Using Bispectrum. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996. Vol. 45, no. 1, s. 50-55.
5. Gao, X., Gao, X.M., Ovaska, S. A Modified Elman Neural Network Model with Application to Dynamical Systems Indentification. 1996 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Peking 1996, IEEE, s. 1376-1381.
6. Gao, X., Ovaska, S., Hartimo, I. Speech Signal Restoration Using an Optimal Neural Network Structure. International Conference on Neural Networks. Washington D.C. USA 1996, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 1841-1846.
7. Gao, X., Ovaska, S., Sun, S., Jeng, Y. Analysis of second-order harmonic distortion of ADC using bispectrum. IEEE Transactons on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996. Vol. 45, nro 1, s. 50-55.
8. Gao, X., Tanskanen, M., Ovaska, S. Comparison of linear and neural network-based power prediction schemes for mobile DS/CDMA systems. 46th Vehicular Technology Conference, Atlanta, USA, 28.4.-1.5.1996. Atlanta, USA 1996, IEEE, s. 61-65.
9. Gao, X., Wang, C., Gao, X., Ovaska, S. A New CMAC Neural Network Model with Adaptive Quantization Input Layer. International Conference on Signal Processing, Peking, 14.-18.10.1996. Peking 1996, IEEE, s. 1417-1420.
10. Gao, X.M.; Ovaska, S.J.; Lehtokangas, M.; Saarinen, J. Speech Signal Coding with an Optimal Neural Network Predictor. IEEE Nordic Signal processing Symposium, Espoo, Syyskuu 96. Espoo 1996, Helsinki University of Technology, s. 115-118.
11. Harju, T., Ovaska, S. Optimization of Polynomial Predictive IIR Filter Systems. Norsig `96, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, Teknillinen korkeakoulu, s. 53-56.
12. Harju, T., Kauraniemi, J., Ovaska, S. Magnitude Response Optimization of Delta Operator Filters. ICSP'96, Peking, 14.-18.10.1996 . Peking 1996, Chinese Institute of Electronics, s. 83-86.
13. Harju, T., Ovaska, S. Conseil: A Filter Optimization System for Remote Use Over the Internet. Norsig `96, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, Teknillinen korkeakoulu, s. 167-170.
14. Harju, T., Ovaska, S. Optimization of Polynomial Predictive IIR Filters Using Genetic Algorithms. ICSP'96, Peking, 14.-18.10.1996. Peking 1996, Chinese Institute of Electronics, s. 68-71.
15. Harju, T., Ovaska, S., Välimäki, V. Delayless Signal Smoothing using a Median and predictive Filter Hybrid. ICSP'96, Peking, 14.-18.10.1996. Peking 1996, Chinese Institute of Electronics, s. 87-90.
16. Harju,T., Laakso, T., Ovaska, S. Applying IIR predictors on Rayleigh fading signal. Signal Processing, 1996. Nro 48, s. 91-96.
17. Huang, A., Laakso, T. Power estimation approaches for complex valued signals based on the Hammerstein model and the Wiener model. IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, s. 191-194.
18. Huang, A., Laakso, T., Ovaska, S., Hartimo, I. Optimal Linear filtering for power estimation of slowly-varying complex valued signals. The 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP-96), Beijing, Kiina, 14.-18.10.1996. Peking, Kiina 1996, s. 76-79.
19. Kale, I., Mackenzie, J.P., Laakso, T. Recursive filter approximation of long car audio impulse responses using balanced model truncation. IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, s. 435-438.
20. Karttunen, P., Laakso, T., Ovaska, S. Adaptive Beamforming Techniques for Mobile Communications. XXI Radiotieteen paivat, Espoo 2.-3.10.1996. Espoo 1996, Teknillinen korkeakoulu, s. 153-154.
21. Karttunen, P., Ovaska, S., Laakso, T. Comparison of Direction of Arrival Estimation Methods: A case study. IEEE Nodic Signal Processing Symposium Norsig 96, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, Helsinki University of Technology, s. 223-226.
22. Kauraniemi, J., Laakso, T., Hartimo, I., Ovaska, S. Roundoff noise minimization in a direct form delta operator structure IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP-96), Atlanta, USA 7.-10.5.1996. Atlanta 1996, IEEE, s. 1371-1374.
23. Kilkki, K. Traffic Management Tools for ATM Networks With Real-Time and Non-Real-Time Services. International Teletraffic Congress, Lund, Sweden, 17.-19.9.1996. Lund, Ruotsi 1996, Lund University, s. 227-236.
24. Kilkki, K., Saranka, S. Optimization of Effective Variance Based CAC Algorithms Using Genetic Algorithm Approach. The Thirteenth Nordic Teletraffic Seminar, Trondheim, 20.-22.8.1996. Trondheim 1996, Norwegian University of Scienceand Technology, s. 384-392.
25. Laakso, T., Kale, I., Mackenzie J.P. Motor car acoustic response modeling and order reduction bia balanced model truncation. Electronic Letters, 1996. Vol. 32, nro XX, s. 965-966.
26. Laakso, T., Murphy, N.P., Tarczynski, A. Reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled signals using polynomial filtering. IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, s. 61-64.
27. Laakso, T., Ovaska, S. Prefiltering Approach for Optimal Polynomial Prediction. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1996. Vol. 44, nro 3, s. 701-705.
28. Laakso, T., Sabel, L.P., Yardim, C., Yardim, G. Optimal receive filters for the suppression of ISI and adjacent channel interference. Electronic Letters, 1996 Vol. 32, no. 15, s. 1346-1347.
29. Laakso, T., Välimäki, V., Karjalainen, M., Laine, U.K. Splitting the unit delays - tools for fractional delay filter design. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1996. Vol. 13, nro 1, s. 30-60.
30. Luoma, M, Performance Evaluation of ATM Switching Systems. The Thirteenth Nordic Teletraffic Seminar, Trondheim 20.-22.8.96. Trondheim 1996, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, s. 110-119.
31. Luoma, M., Karjalainen, H., Kilkki, K., Rahko, K. Experiences with ATM Equipments and Network Operation. The Thirteenth Nordic Teletraffic Seminar, Trondheim, 20.-22.8.1996. Trondheim 1996, Norwegian university of Science and Technology, s. 109.
32. Luoma, M., Kilkki, K., Ilvesmäki, M., Ovaska, S. Performance Measurements in ATM Networks. Africon `96, Stellenbosch, South-Africa 24.-27.9.1996. Stellenbosch, South-Africa 1996, University of Stellenbosch, s. 112-117.
33. Mackenzie, J.P., Kale, I., Laakso, T., Cain.G.D. Balanced model truncation: an alternative to linear prediction for speech coding . IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, s. 439-442.
34. Murphy, N.P., Tarczynski, A., Laakso, T. Sampling-rate conversion using a wideband tuneable fractional delay element. IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, s. 423-426 .
35. Sabel, L.P., Laakso, T., Yardim, A., Cain. G. A new delay root-Nyquist filter design method for signals corrupted by ACI. 4th UK/Australian International Symposium on DSP for communication systems, Perth, Australia, 23.-27.9.1996. Perth, Australia 1996, s.186-193.
36. Saranka, S., Kilkki, K. Optimization of effective variance based CAC algorithms. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Lontoo, 18.-22.11.1996. Lontoo 1996, IEEE, s. 1212-1216.
37. Tarczynski, A., Bland, D., Laakso, T. Spectrum estimation of non-uniformly sampled signals. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Warsaw, Poland, 17.-20.6.1996. Warsaw, Poland 1996, s.190-200.
38. Vainio, O., Lerner, A., Ovaska, S. Ramp-tracking anti-aliasing and anti-imaging filter for control instrumentation. IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electornics (ISIE-96) Warsaw, Poland, 17.-20.6.1996. Varsova 1996, IEEE, s. 190-195.
39. Vainio, O., Ovaska, S. Digital filtering for robust 50/60 Hz zero crossing detectors. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996. Vol. 45, nro 2, s. 426-430.
40. Välimäki, V., Laakso, T. Splitting the unit delay - digital filter approximations for fractional delay. IEEE Nordic Signal Processing Symposium, Espoo, 24.-27.9.1996. Espoo 1996, s. 479-482.
41. Vuori, J., Harju, T., Ovaska, S. Location tracking in cellular networks using predictive position filters. The 2nd international Workshop on Multi-Dimensional Mobile Communication, Seoul, South-Korea, 18.-20.7.96. Seoul, South-Korea 1996, s. 325-328.
42. Yardim, A., Laakso, T., Sabel, L., Cain, G. Design of efficient receive FIR filters for joint minimization of channel noise, ISI, and adjancent channel interference. Globecom'96, Lontoo 18.-22.11.1996. Lontoo 1996, s. 948-952.

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