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\begin{document}

\title{The exercise procedure for exercise 1-3 in S-38.3183 - Spring 2007}


\author{Mika Ilvesm\"{a}ki\\Helsinki University of Technology\\Networking Laboratory\\
P.O. Box 3000\\02015 TKK\\Finland\\
\normalsize{mika.ilvesmaki@netlab.tkk.fi}}


\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
This paper introduces the method and format with which the exercises
in course S-38.3183 are to be done and exercise reports are to be
returned. To get your report into the grading process it must be
submitted via email to \emph{s383183-exercise@netlab.tkk.fi}. No
returns in paper format or otherwise are allowed. The reports must
be in pdf-format and sent as attachments to the email message. Do
not forget your name and study book number from your report.  This
paper also gives a recommended structure of exercise documents.
Furthermore, the grading principles and method of working is
presented. In addition, a brief description of a problem-solving
process is given to structurize the students' work.
\end{abstract}
% These are comments
\section{Introduction}
The course S-38.3183 is lectured in Spring 2007 for the second time.
The course includes 12 lectures and 3-5 exercises. The exercises
appear to be the standard TKK "laskari"-style: Students are given
exercise questions and they are to answer them and return their
answers before the next exercise. However, some modifications have
been made to increase the risk of learning. In particular, the
exercise lectures concentrate on introduction to the course,
problems and suggestion of tools to be used. However, exercise
lectures do not attempt to ''hold the hands of the students'' and
guide them step-by-step through all solutions. Analyzing Internet
traffic is hard work and can not be learned just by watching the
teacher do the analysis. The students are required to write their
own individual reports. However, group work is encouraged and, in
fact, required to get passing grades from the exercises.

\subsection{Template for the return of the exercises}
The source-file for this document may be used as a template for the
return. It utilizes the widely used IEEE-format which is available
for both \LaTeX- and MSWord --environments. All reports must be
returned in pdf-format. No other format is accepted. The \LaTeX
~source-file for this document is available in
\\ http://www.netlab.hut.fi/opetus/s383183/exercise/source-file.tex

\section{Problem solving}
\label{sec:problem} All engineering often requires solving practical
or theoretical problems. It is wise to develop one's own problem
solving procedure that can be applied to various problems. A
suggestion of a problem-solving process is presented here:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Define the problem. Make sure that you understand what is the input (data available) and
what you want as output (what should be solved with the input). Here you can also make assumptions,
as you take into regard the lack of details in the input data. It is also wise to introduce the
general area of the problem to help you determine the mathematical tools for the next step.
\item Develop a mathematical model of the problem. Or, preferably, look one up. The mathematical
problem might be very simple (e.g., how many lines there are in the trace-file) or quite complex
(method of testing for self-similarity in a dataset).
\item Based on the mathematical model, build a computational method for solving the problem.
Check again that you have the required input and that your model/method actually provides you
with the desired output.
\item Implement the computational method. In this step you code your procedure for getting the
desired output. This could be a Matlab-script, a command line or
short awk- or perl-script etc. This step requires great care to be
taken to avoid logical errors. Be careful.
\item Test the solution and evaluate, analyze and assess the results. Search for causality.
Be critical. Make conclusions. Suggest how your results could be made even more reliable.
\end{enumerate}
This procedure is also a good basic structure for the exercise report.

%Table example for LaTex, remove the %'s
%\begin{scriptsize}
%\begin{table}[h!bt]
%\caption{Nice to know $[{Sport}$}
%\label{tab:interestapps}
%\begin{minipage}{\linewidth}
%\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\thempfootnote}
%\begin{tabular}{|p{3cm}|p{4cm}|p{3cm}|}\hline
%\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\bf Interesting applications/Sports}\\ \hline
%Traffic type& Port numbers for both TCP and UDP --protocols\footnote{Note that TCP and UDP usage may differ significantly}& Color in figures.\\ \hline \hline
%Elastic interactive traffic & 22(ssh), 23(telnet), 25(smtp), 143(imap), 6000(Xwin) & \\ \cline{1-2}
%Real time traffic & 554(rtsp), 4444(nv-video)  & red \\ \cline{1-2}
%Game traffic & 27015, 27960 & \\ \hline
%WWW traffic & 80(http), 443(https), 8080(http) & \\ \cline{1-2}
%Elastic bulk traffic & 20(ftp), 119(nntp) & green  \\ \cline{1-2}
%Filesharing traffic& 1214, 1412, 4662, 6346, 6347, 6699, 6881, 6882& \\ \hline
%DNS traffic & 53(dns) & yellow\\ \hline
%\end{tabular}
%\end{minipage}
%\end{table}
%\end{scriptsize}

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%\begin{figure}[th!bp]
%\begin{center}
%\epsfig{file=d:/documents/epspics.eps,width=8.5cm,angle=-90}
%\caption{Text to describe the figure}
%\label{fig:Sport-pktbyteflw}
%\end{center}
%\end{figure}

\section{Method of working}
The reports are written and returned solo as individual
contributions. However, a large part of the work might be done
quicker and with better individual results if performed in groups.
Therefore, the following is strongly suggested:
\begin{itemize}
\item As you begin your work, form groups of three to four students.
It would be best if each member of the group would have a different data set to
be analyzed to avoid the temptation to copy all the results and to enable the
possibility to learn from other data sets.
\item Work together as you see fit. If someone in the group is good in making
Matlab-scripts let him/her be the one to do the actual coding. If someone else
has the ability to quickly form an overall view of the problem and the steps to
solve it, use this person's ability. Someone might be more familiar with the
typesetting environment you are using. The overall goal is to learn to share your
strengths and absorb from other people's work what your own skills lack. However,
everyone is required to write their own report and draw up their own conclusions
(after discussing about them within the group).
\item The final report of each person must contain a section titled ''Acknowledgments''
where everyone who has influenced the report must be mentioned by name and their individual
respective contribution. Your own work should also be clearly defined and reported. It must be
stressed that the quality of group work is one key factor of the grading of your work.
\item Be advised that more names and more collaboration is not a bad thing. Be also advised
that working totally by yourself may lead to rejection of the report. Naturally, plagiarism
and 1-to-1 copies of other's reports are considered cheating and lead to appropriate consequences
as defined by the Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering and Helsinki
University of Technology.
\item It is recommended, although not mandatory, to change your working groups during the
course. An ideal situation would see a change in your workgroup for
every exercise.
\end{itemize}

\section{Report structure}
\label{sec:report} In Section~\ref{sec:problem} the general
structure of the report is given. Additional instructions follow:
\begin{itemize}
\item Start with {\em Introduction}: Introduce the problem, the given input data
\item Present the mathematical basics of your solution. Type out the equations and only
the equations you need. For instance, do not just tell that you are going to calculate
the mean. Instead, state clearly that you are going calculate the mean defined as
\begin{equation}
\bar{x}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}}{n} \label{eq:mean}
\end{equation}
\item Present the complete mathematical solution and process to obtain your results.
\item Include the code, command lines and scripts so that anyone can do the same
experimentation with their own data and thus verify or contradict your results.
\item Present the results in clear figures and tables. Try to avoid complex figures and aim
for simplicity. If you know what you are looking for in the data,
your pictures will usually clearly indicate this. If you're not sure
what you're after, your figures and tables will usually reveal this.
When you include a figure or a table, be absolutely sure that you
refer to it (and explain it) in the text.
\item As a final part of your work make conclusions based on the results. If you see
causality somewhere, be sure to state it. Be critical and be honest.
\item In the Acknowledgements-section you should clearly state all those, by name and
contribution, who have contributed and influenced your work. Very few things in the world
are accomplished completely alone.
\item As a final part of work state all your references and sources of information.
The list of references should enable the reader to get their hands
on the same material and to verify that you've interpreted the
sources correctly.
\end{itemize}

The report should be as short as possible. Be concise and document
all necessary information. However, omit redundancy and avoid
unnecessary verbosity. No strict page counts are given. Enough is
enough.

\subsection{Tips to improve your work}
Before every exercise, study the appropriate statistical methods. If
a statistical property has parameters, experiment with different
parameter values. If "Chapter 2" gives sugggestions on how to
determine the parameters, try these also.

Your conclusions reveal what you understand from the traffic (based
on the statistics that the exercise has told you to determine). Do
not merely work towards doing just the plots and statistics that the
exercise points out! Work towards your conclusions and understanding
of the traffic! This is important.

Work together. Organize and delegate within your group. This will
save you time. Remember to acknowledge contributions!

\section{Grading}
The reports are graded on a three-step scale: Reject, pass, pass
with distinction. All reports must be passed in order to pass the
course. Therefore, one rejection means that all exercise work is
rejected and you need to take the course again in the next year!

To achieve the highest grade of ''pass with distinction'' from a
report the following elements must be present in the report:
\begin{itemize}
\item Clear and logical structure in the report.
\item Proper language and ease of reading. Note: You are recommended to use English,
however, Finnish and Swedish are also accepted. Nevertheless, the get the most out of
this course, please use English!
\item Clear, and to the point figures. Clear and accurate presentation of the results.
\item The problem needs to be clearly defined and properly solved.
\item The procedures (scripts, command lines) with which the solutions are obtained need
to be clearly documented. The reader of the report has to be able to duplicate the work.
\item Clear, concise and to the point conclusions and discussion based on the results are
mandatory.
\item The work flow and time spent needs to be documented, and other people's contribution
clearly identified in the Acknowledgement-section. Also all sources of relevant information
(article, program documentation etc.) regarding the solution of the problem need to be presented
in the References-section.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Return of the exercises}
To get your report into the grading process it must be submitted via
email to \emph{s383183-exercise@netlab.tkk.fi} adhering to the
deadline indicated in the exercise document. No returns in paper
format or otherwise are allowed. The reports must be in pdf-format
and sent as attachments to the email message. Do not forget your
name and study book number from your report.

\section{Acknowledgements}
The author would like to thank CSC - the Center of Scientific
Computing in Finland - for providing access to Funet-network and for
computing and archive resources and Lic.\ Sc.\ Markus Peuhkuri for
his kind help in preprocessing the traces.

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